The most common form of lossy compression is a transform coding method, the discrete cosine transform (DCT), which was first published by Nasir Ahmed, T. When the output is decoded, the result may not be identical to the original input, but is expected to be close enough for the purpose of the application. The remaining information can then be compressed via a variety of methods. Knowledge of the application is used to choose information to discard, thereby lowering its bandwidth. The transformation is typically used to enable better (more targeted) quantization. Some forms of lossy compression can be thought of as an application of transform coding, which is a type of data compression used for digital images, digital audio signals, and digital video. Or lossy compressed images may be ' visually lossless', or in the case of medical images, so-called Diagnostically Acceptable Irreversible Compression (DAIC) may have been applied. Artifacts or undesirable effects of compression may be clearly discernible yet the result still useful for the intended purpose. The type and amount of loss can affect the utility of the images. The terms "irreversible" and "reversible" are preferred over "lossy" and "lossless" respectively for some applications, such as medical image compression, to circumvent the negative implications of "loss". Sometimes the ideal is a file that provides exactly the same perception as the original, with as much digital information as possible removed other times, perceptible loss of quality is considered a valid tradeoff. Developing lossy compression techniques as closely matched to human perception as possible is a complex task. For example, a picture may have more detail than the eye can distinguish when reproduced at the largest size intended likewise, an audio file does not need a lot of fine detail during a very loud passage. In many cases, files or data streams contain more information than is needed. Most compression algorithms can recognize when further compression would be pointless and would in fact increase the size of the data. For example, a compressed ZIP file is smaller than its original, but repeatedly compressing the same file will not reduce the size to nothing. When data is compressed, its entropy increases, and it cannot increase indefinitely. Basic information theory says that there is an absolute limit in reducing the size of this data. The original data contains a certain amount of information, and there is a lower limit to the size of file that can carry all the information. If the picture contains an area of the same color, it can be compressed without loss by saying "200 red dots" instead of "red dot, red dot. A picture, for example, is converted to a digital file by considering it to be an array of dots and specifying the color and brightness of each dot. It is possible to compress many types of digital data in a way that reduces the size of a computer file needed to store it, or the bandwidth needed to transmit it, with no loss of the full information contained in the original file. This allows one to avoid basing new compressed copies off of a lossy source file, which would yield additional artifacts and further unnecessary information loss. It can be advantageous to make a master lossless file which can then be used to produce additional copies from. By contrast, lossless compression is typically required for text and data files, such as bank records and text articles. Lossy compression is most commonly used to compress multimedia data ( audio, video, and images), especially in applications such as streaming media and internet telephony. The most widely used lossy compression algorithm is the discrete cosine transform (DCT), first published by Nasir Ahmed, T. Even when noticeable by the user, further data reduction may be desirable (e.g., for real-time communication or to reduce transmission times or storage needs). Well-designed lossy compression technology often reduces file sizes significantly before degradation is noticed by the end-user. The amount of data reduction possible using lossy compression is much higher than using lossless techniques. This is opposed to lossless data compression (reversible data compression) which does not degrade the data. The different versions of the photo of the cat on this page show how higher degrees of approximation create coarser images as more details are removed. These techniques are used to reduce data size for storing, handling, and transmitting content. In information technology, lossy compression or irreversible compression is the class of data compression methods that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to represent the content.
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